Bolatito A. Lanre-Abbas, (2013) Feminism In The...

Bolatito A. Lanre-Abbas, (2013) Feminism in the Postmodernist Age. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies 28 (3): 355-368, Proquest, Accessed Dec. 27, 2016. Lanre-Abbas Bolatito sees how postmodern feminism and feminism are converging and she looks at how postmodernism is showing up. She explains the Enlightenment era as a time when reason lead to knowledge and this knowledge would lead to technological advances. Postmodernism was used as a critique of the Enlightenment, saying that because the enlightenment era reduces everything down it losses the complexity of things. It makes them lesser. The Enlightenment became universal reason and this is what postmodernism reject. Postmodernist believe we should be focusing on†¦show more content†¦Rina Arya Wrote â€Å"Black Feminism in the Academy† in this article she states that she is an Asian that identifies as an African. In this article she spends a lot of time defining second and third wave feminism. Second wave being more focused on the white, middle class women’s issues. It saw gender in isolation and didn’t have a universalized view. Whereas third wave fem inism was seen as more inclusive, more global, there was the plurality of identity, and it recognized that women of color have different experiences than white women, leading to different needs. Arya saw Postmodernist feminism as a way to get away from the polarities of the term feminism. She then focused on black feminism, exposing the realities that black feminists are marginalized in the academic society. She explained that often times black feminists writings were not seen a true literary work, because it was written from personal experiences. Black feminist also had to face split loyalties, which is basically the idea that a person has more than one identifier, take being black and being a women for example, but one of their identities takes the forefront sometimes, and the other one at other times. Black feminists aren’t viewed as all of their identities at once they are broken down into sections. Arya is an art history professor and saw that her students were strugglin g to grasp some of the concepts of the feminist movement, and she found that it was

Cache Level 3 Award, Level 3 Certificate and Level 3...

ASSIGNMENT GUIDANCE MANDATORY/OPTIONAL UNITS CACHE Level 3 Award, Level 3 Certificate and Level 3 Diploma in Child Care and Education  © CACHE 2008 Except as allowed by law, or where specified in the text, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the Council for Awards in Childrens Care and Education. Published in Great Britain by CACHE Second edition 2008 Third edition 2008 Book Code 500/888/7/V1 Book Code 500/888/7/V3 Publication date September 2008 Publisher Council for Awards in Childrens Care and Education Telephone 0845 347 2123 Fax 01727 818618 Registered Company No: 2887166 Registered Charity No: 1036232 Introduction Please note – This document†¦show more content†¦Give a description of the study skills needed to complete your training successfully e.g. note-taking, research, time management and how these skills will support your learning. Relate your answer to the theoretical and practical elements of the course and your experiences. At least TWO (2) references must be made in the text to relevant books, articles, magazines or websites. These are sources of information and at least two sources used should be listed at the end of the assignment in a bibliography. For more information, see Finding the Level. Answers should show an awareness of why practitioners should to develop and maintain appropriate relationships. Answers could include explanation about meeting children’s needs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Write about the characteristics of working in a team with other agencies and professional colleagues e.g. effective communication, using the Common Assess ment Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Give reasons why children’s views and opinions should be listened to. Consider the effect this has on children’s self esteem and well-being. Answers should demonstrate a clear understanding of the limits and boundaries of the Level 3 practitioner’s role when working with children e.g. conforming toShow MoreRelatedCashe Level 2 Essay example18123 Words   |  73 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 2 Certificate for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF)  © CACHE 2011 Except as allowed by law, or where specified in the text, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission from the Council for Awards in Care, Health and Education. CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in MicrosoftRead MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE  © Copyright 2011 All rights reserved worldwide.    Reproduction by approved CACHE centres is permissible for internal use under the following conditions: CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in Microsoft Word format to enable its Centres to use its content more flexibly within their ownRead MoreThe Purpose of This Report Is to Review and Evaluate the Principles Underpinning the Role of the Practitioner When Working with Children.3365 Words   |  14 Pagespurpose of this report is to review and evaluate the principles underpinning the role of the practitioner when working with children. Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 The role in maintaining professional relationships with children and adults†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3-7 1.1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3-4 1.2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4-5 1.3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5-7 The development of reflective practice†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7-11 2.1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7-8 2.2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8-9 Read MoreCache Childcare Level 2 Unit 1 Assignment2088 Words   |  9 PagesCACHE Level 2 Award/Certificate/Diploma in Child Care and Education Question 1 D1: An example of a statutory provision for children under 5 years is a nursery. A nursery helps children learn to communicate, reach a certain level of independency and helps the children understand the stuff e.g. numbers, colours, fruits, animals etc. It also allows children to learn new things in a fun environment and at their own pace. A nursery helps to get children into a routine of a classroom. Nurseries oftenRead MoreKeeping Children Safe5388 Words   |  22 Pagesboth employers and employees have duties. Employers must produce a written policy explaining how they will ensure the health, safety and welfare of all people who use the premises. Employees must cooperate with these arrangements and take reasonable care of themselves and others. Employers have a duty to display a health and safety law poster. Control of Substances Hazardous To Health Regulations (COSSH) 1994 Early years setting’s regularly uses cleaning products that could potentially be hazardousRead MoreUnit 8: Caring for Children Essay example11312 Words   |  46 Pagesplans and report back to parents and other professionals. (archive.excellencegateway.org.uk - 28/11/12 Appendix 1) As a childcare practitioner it is important to have an understanding of child development and have the appropriate training in order to meet the individual needs of the children. By understanding child develop practitioners will understand which activities will help children to develop as well as supporting them in doing this. It is important to meet their day to day needs such as feeding

My Car Crash Crisis Free Essays

How could my dad and brother survive without gravy with our Sunday dinner? Unfortunately the store cupboard was sadly lacking in anything resembling â€Å"Bisto†, none the less myself and my little sister were strapped into the back of Mum’s car trying to find one of those little shops which my mum describes as â€Å"life savers† for the working mother where she could purchase some gravy granules and ensure that peace reigned at the Sunday dinner table. I should add at this stage my mother was heavily pregnant with my little brother. I personally had no objection to this little excursion as it gave me the opportunity to get some sweets. We will write a custom essay sample on My Car Crash Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then again I was thinking I would probably get plenty of sweets at my friend Suzanne’s party which I was due to go to that afternoon. I was really looking forward to Suzanne’s party. All those different coloured balloons just waiting to be burst but little did I know that it was my â€Å"happiness balloon† which was about to be burst. Mum was driving along the road and was pulling into her little Filling Station lifesaver. As we pulled across I saw a brown jeep heading towards us but it didn’t seem to be slowing down. I was strapped in the back passenger seat and my little sister Kathy was in her baby seat I could hear my mum shout but I am not sure what she said. She tried to make it to the car park but even Michael Schumacher would have found it impossible. I remember vividly seeing the lady driver of the other vehicle. Her face was white and her mouth was open and her eyes filled with fear. That split second seemed to last forever and was only interrupted by the wailing screech of brakes. Time was once again frozen as my mind filled with questions-what would happen to my mum? -What would happen to my sister? -What would happen to me? All our lives were hanging on this frozen moment in time especially mine as the jeep was heading straight for the rear passenger door. The noise of metal striking erupted as pieces of the car door, the car pillar and a shower of glass made contact with my body. The front passenger seat came crashing backwards jamming my leg. Fortunately I was wearing my seatbelt otherwise I feel sure I would have gone either over my baby sister or straight through the window. I suddenly had a flash back of my brother and I driving along the road at the edge of a ravine where there was no fence at the edge of the road and I was frightened of our car falling down the steep mountainside into the valley below. My brother reassured me and told me that all I had to do was brace myself. I grabbed his cyber pet ad clung desperately to it. I could feel wet fluid rolling down my face and the screams of my little sister with her eyes scrunched up as she screeched uncontrollably. My mum was already out of the car at this stage and undoing our belts. I realised the fluid running down was in fact tears not blood. In the distance I could hear sirens blazing. As my mum continued to fumble with the seatbelts and try and extract my little sister and me from the car I saw a †¦ smiling policewoman looking in at me. She offered me her hand but when I got out I realised I had forgotten my brothers cyber pet so I broke free from the policewoman’s grasp and grabbed it. She then took me to the side of the pavement beside my mum and little sister and set us all on the adjoining wall. She reassured me that my mum, sister and I would all be okay. I began to shiver uncontrollably and my head started to spin and it was only then that I became aware of the gash on my leg. I just could not seem to get warm realising this a policeman came over and gave me his jacket whilst my mum phoned my dad and called him to the scene. I remember my mum crying, as she was concerned about my sister, her unborn child and myself. The lady in the other car was very supportive and friendly but I was so glad when dad arrived and took us home. My mum was very keen to take me to hospital to have me checked out but I could not bear to be taken anywhere strange or to be parted from my family. I just wanted the warmth comfort and protection of our own home. When we got home mum and dad cuddled us on the settee and gave us a warm blanket with cups of steaming hot chocolate thankfully our next door neighbour who is a GP came and tended to us. Thank goodness no one received any serious injury and my cuts and bruises soon healed. When I look back on the accident I feel very glad I had my seat belt on because otherwise my injuries would have been much worse and I am also glad my mum was driving a large heavy car which absorbed a lot of the impact but more than anything ever I realised something for the first time just how precious life is and that we should always try to enjoy each day. How to cite My Car Crash Crisis, Papers

Economics for a Sustainable Business

Question: Discuss about the Economics for a Sustainable Business. Answer: Introduction The business environment plays an important role in the success of an organisation. Hence, it is important for any organisation to analyse the current business environment in which it operates to plan its strategies and seek growth in the market (Mallick, 2009). On the other hand, analysing the business environment helps in sustainable development of the business. Hence, an organisation must keep a regular watch on its activities and market movements to enhance the performance of its implied strategies (Lall, Lall, Mengistae, 2015). Furthermore, the management of the firm must be aware of the economic factors that influence the growth of the business. It helps to judge the current positioning of the business from the economic point of view and develop strategies that can be helpful in increasing the economic balance of the enterprise. The business report has been developed to analyse the general business environment of Sreeleathers Limited which is one of the small and medium scale enterprise of India. The study analyses the production cost and scale of the business to judge the category of scale in which the business of Sreeleathers Limited lies. Furthermore, the macro business environment of the market has been discussed in which Sreeleathers Limited operates to explain how the external market factors influence its business. Finally, the sustainability practices of Sreeleathers Limited have been presented to judge the long term viability of its business. Business Overview and Environment Name, Location and type of business Sreeleathers Limited is one of the most famous footwear brands headquartered in Kolkata, India. Under the leadership of Satyabrata Dey, the Managing Director of Sreeleathers Group, the organisation has established 35 retail stores in nine different states of India including West Bengal. The enterprise deals in all types of footwear and leather accessories providing high-quality products at an affordable pricing. In 2010, the original name of the company had been changed to Sreeleathers from CAT Financial Services as the organisation has altered its core business to consumer goods from financial services ("Sreeleathers Footwear and Accessories seller", 2016). The Indian based shoe manufacturer and distributor also export their products to the USA, UK, Canada, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indonesia, Singapore and Australian territory. Basically, Sreeleathers Limited is a product manufacturing as well as a retail business organisation operating mainly in the Indian market. Products and Services In the retail business, the organisation primarily deals in all types of footwear products and leather accessories for different types of the target segment. By identifying the underlying requirement of the target customers, Sreeleathers Limited has delivered quality products at a reasonable price range to create a massive client base in Kolkata area and other locations around India (Brummer, 2015). Moreover, the business of Sreeleathers is also famous for one of the biggest wholesaler of footwear industry offered leather shoes and accessories to many parts of India as well as the world. Potential Customers Sreeleathers Limited offers footwear for men, women and kids creating massive market segmentation. In the Indian market, the organisation has divided its market segmentation based on gender and age group of the target demographics. The stores of Sreeleathers Limited offer shoes for kids age between 2 and 12. For young boys and girls, the outlets deliver stylish footwear at a reasonable pricing. For the female segment, the stores display ladies shoes, leather accessories and other products ("Sreeleathers Footwear and Accessories seller", 2016). For men, the organisation has also offered stylish leather shoes, leather accessories such as wallets, bags and other leather manufacturing products. Location of Potential Customers The shoe business of Sreeleathers Limited is mainly operating in Kolkata, India region where the potential customers are massive in numbers. As the organisation has established 35 stores around India including nine other Indian states, the significant customer base has been formed in the other target areas as well. The branding of the leather products to the name of the company has given a significant edge to the business (Batabyal Nijkamp, 2014). Moreover, by offering quality products at a cheaper rate significant demand for shoes and leather accessories of Sreeleathers Limited can be seen from other Asian countries such as Indonesia, Singapore, and Bangladesh. Primary Competitors Being a small sized shoe manufacturing and retail business of the India leather industry, Sreeleathers Limited has to face significant challenges from other market competitors in the target locations. In the primary business location of Sreeleathers, two primary footwear manufacturers and sellers have delivered potential competition to the organisation. Namely, Khadims India Limited and Bata India Limited are the two identified primary competitors of Sreeleathers Limited in the potential target market (Xie Sirbu, 2015). Location of Primary Competitors The primary competitors of Sreeleathers Limited have mainly operated in the Indian market including Kolkata, India. Bata India Limited has got more that 1300 outlets across India whereas Khadims India Limited has 1000 stores all around the country. Basically, Sreeleathers Limiteds operating functions are limited in Kolkata and surrounding state with 35 outlets to serve the people (Ciuriak, 2015). Meanwhile, the organisation is planning to expand the business by introducing 100 more outlets in India. Market share Sreeleathers Limited, being the largest single-brand footwear manufacturer cum retailer in India, has expanded its business in terms of other competitors. Currently, Sreeleathers Limited has got 16 percent of the entire footwear market share in India whereas Bata India Limited has got the biggest market share of 38%. According to the reports, Khadims India Limited has also featured in the list by acquiring 29 percent of the total market share of shoe and leather industry of India. Through the identification of current market scenario, Sreeleathers Limited is competing in a perfect competition situation whereas the enterprise has seemed to utilise the available resources in a better way (Caprotti, 2012). In long-run basis, the increasing demand for Sreeleathers manufacturing products will help the company to reduce the marginal cost leading to higher profitability. Production Costs and Scale Sreeleathers believe in traditional form of business and own around 30 to 40 stores all across India that are situated in total nine states of the country. In comparison to other companies, Sreeleathers do not sell any product of other brands and manufacture all its products in its own factories. Hence, to analyse the costs of production and scale of business of Sreeleathers Limited, there is a need to observe the fixed costs and variable costs of the company that are discussed herein below: Fixed Costs: The fixed costs of the company mainly include the tangible assets that have been purchased by the firm. It can be seen from the financial statement of Sreeleathers Limited presented in Appendix A and Appendix B that the revenue of the company has increased between 2014 and 2015irrespective of a fall in the value of fixed assets of the company (Nissanke Thorbecke, 2008). Hence, it can be seen that the increase of sales or production is not much dependent fixed costs of the company. Variable Costs: Sreeleathers Limited is highly dependable on its retail store across the country. Hence, the labour expenses, maintenance expense of stores, financial expenses, raw materials purchased and employee benefits makes the variable costs of the company. Looking at the income statement of the company, it can be seen that the revenue increased from Rs. 582 million to Rs. 690 million with an increase in the variable costs from Rs. 447 million to Rs. 565 million (Savides, 2015). Hence, it can be seen that the increase in the sales or production is highly influenced by the variable costs. Furthermore, it can be seen that the leverage ratio of the firm is not that high to make it a large scale firm (Sahu, 2015). On the other hand, the annual fixed cost is much less than the annual variable costs. Hence, Sreeleathers Limited can be recognised as a small scale or a medium scale firm operating primarily in the Indian market. Macro Business Environment Political System India is the largest democracy of the world that runs on the federal form of government. It is important to note that the political environment of the market is highly influenced by the factors such as politicians interest, government policies and ideologies of different political parties. Furthermore, the taxation system of the country includes taxes like income tax, sales tax, services tax that are imposed directly by the central government (Seker Seker, 2011). Currently, the Indian market is facing an instable political burden due to change of government and introduction of new laws and business policies. The introduction of GST has become a burden for the medium scale business. The current GST rate has been decided to be around 10 percent over the cost of production that is to be charged to the customers (Antonopoulos, 2016). Hence, the implementation of the new GST policy will create problem for the businesses. Furthermore, changes made in the business regulations also create b urden over the company that may impact its operations in the future (Chaudhuri, 2007). A company maintaining a high amount of assets needs to pay wealth tax that acts as an extra burden over the business. Furthermore, the tax on importing of raw materials such as leather from other countries has also increased for the company. Hence, the political factors act as a threat for the business in the Indian market. Inflation, Unemployment and Interest Rate The current inflation rate in India has reduced from around 11 percent to 4.5 percent in the recent years, which is a good indication for shoe manufacturing company. The reduction in the Average Price Level of products in the market allows the business to carry on its operations with a stable pricing policy (Wolf, 2011). Hence, it is a good sign for the company. The inflation rate of India is presented in the figure given below: Figure: Inflation Rate Source: (Tradingeconomics.com, 2016) Furthermore, the unemployment rate in the country reduces in the previous years that increase the opportunity for the business to expand its operations (Gupta Choudhry, 2015). The increase in the level of employment will increase the purchasing power of the buyers that acts as a positive sign for the business. The unemployment rate of India is presented in the figure given below: Figure: Unemployment Rate Source: (Tradingeconomics.com, 2016) Additionally, the interest rate has reduced in the current year to 6.5 percent that increase the business opportunities in the Indian market (ZaccaiÃÅ'ˆ, 2007). The small and medium scale businesses can easily acquire loans at lower interest rate for the expansion of business. Hence, it can be seen that the reducing interest rate acts as a positive sign for the business of Sreeleathers Limited. Figure: Interest Rate Source: (Tradingeconomics.com, 2016) Currency Exchange Rate Sreeleathers export products to different Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Singapore, Canada and the United States. Hence, it deals with different currencies from various countries that increase the financial risk of the firm. Hence, it prefers dealing with countries that have higher value of currency as compared to India Rupees to increase its profitability (Klein Dutta, 2015). Currently, the fall of the value of Indian Currency as compared to the US dollar has benefited the company from export trade. On the other hand, Indonesia is a potential foreign market for Sreeleathers because of its high demand for Indian leather products (Pal, 2015). Furthermore, the fall in the value of the Great Britain Pound has negatively impacted the foreign trade of Sreeleathers Limited in the UK market. Report shows that the company has incurred a huge loss in the UK market. Hence, it can be seen that the fluctuation in the value of currency highly impacts the forei gn trade of a medium scale business like Sreeleathers. Comments and Justification It can be seen from the above analysis that the overall macroeconomic environment of the country will be favourable for the business of Sreeleathers in the upcoming future other than the rising tax in the Indian market. It can be seen that the inflation rate and the interest rate in the Indian market has fallen in the recent years and is expected to fall more in the upcoming years. On the other hand, the products of the company are normal in nature. Hence, the recession occurring in the market may lead to fall of demand of the products, which may impact business of Sreeleathers negatively. On the other hand, the current economic climate in the country works in favour of the business because there is no chance of occurrence of recession in the upcoming five years. Considering the unemployment rate and talent pool in the labour market, it can be seen that there are a huge number of low priced skilled employees available in the Indian market. But, the high rate of inflation in the count ry will impact the operating cost of the company in the upcoming future. On the other hand, the changes in the import policy of the Indian government had made it difficult for Sreeleathers to import leather from foreign markets in lower price. Currently, the fall of the value of Indian Currency as compared to the US dollar has benefited the company from export trade. Furthermore, the fall in the value of the Great Britain Pound has negatively impacted the foreign trade of Sreeleathers Limited in the UK market. Report shows that the company has incurred a huge loss in the UK market. Hence, it can be seen that the current economic climate of the country is supports the growth of business in the Indian market, but the foreign export leads to increase in the financial risk of the company. Sustainability Practice of the Business Positive and Negative Externalities of Production Process In the products manufacturing business of Sreeleathers Limited, there are significant positive as well as negative externalities feature in the production process. The increased demand of products has led to the measures to improve the supply. As a result of the scenario, more workers have found employment opportunity in the production process. In manufacturing section, both skilled and unskilled labours have been benefitted due to the multi-section production units of Sreeleathers Limited leading to positive externalities to society (Lesourne, 2007). As far as negative externalities of the production process in concerned, the manufacturing units of Sreeleathers Limited has consumed natural leathers that create massive environmental issues. In this way, the production process of the firm generates negative externalities. As a result of the consequences, the government of India has issues notable regulations on leather industry to restrict the combustion process utilised in product manufacturing. Thus, the environmental pollution has been controlled to a significant level (Nomidis, 2015). Positive and Negative Externalities of Consumption The consumption of Sreeleathers Limiteds products has some positive as well as negative externalities as well, to say the least. Understandably, the government of India as increased tax on leather purchasing. Hence, as the demand for leather is increased due to consumption, it ultimately benefits the social public (Chaudhuri, 2007). Significantly, in this way, the consumption of products leads to positive externalities providing benefits to the rest of the social community. Invariably, the financial structure of the government has been boosted due to a surge in consumption of leather products. The leather consumption has brought fresh environmental challenges and issues for the social human beings living within the target market. For instance, due to increase in consumption of leather products, the demand and supply structure of the product has been changed radically. Also, workers working in the leather industry have to face health issues as well (Lansiluoto, 2007). By considering the negative externalities of the consumption, the government of India has promoted artificial leather footwear so that the negative externalities can be controlled in a significant process. Impact of Sustainability Practice on Long Term Business Viability On the basis of economic perspective, the viability of a business relies on consistency and customer profile. Understandably, for long-term sustainability of business, Sreeleathers Limiteds current business practices are considered as truly supportive. Meanwhile, the increasing demand for company manufactured products has significantly contributed to the growth structure of the firm leading to new employment opportunities. Moreover, since the makeover of the business in 2010, the organisation has registered improved revenue year on year basis supportive for long-run business viability. In the contemporary business scenario, the fierce competition from other two market giants such as Bata India Limited and Khadims India Limited has forced the management of Sreeleathers Limited to make significant changes in business operations. As a result of the existing market competition and demand, Sreeleathers Limited is willing to open new outlets to make the brand more successful in other marke ts (Gth Sksvuori, 2012). Through the understanding of existing market strategy and benefits of business practices of Sreeleathers Limited, it can be stated that in long-term business perspective, the organisation has significant sustainability (Lin, 2014). Conclusion The business study report critically investigates the general business environment of Sreeleathers Limited to identify the business viability structure in a long-term scenario. The existing business framework and customer profile of the shoe manufacturer and retailer company have significantly promoted perfect competition situation in the target market. Also, the product costs and scale analysis of the business provide a detailed idea of the factors leading to a minimum cost of production. Through the identification of the variable costs and business size, the overall business functions of Sreeleathers Limited have been featured in the report paper for further consideration. Decisively, the macro business environment in India has been thoroughly discussed in the study report to identify the relation between economic growth and business prosperity of the firm. Apparently, the business of Sreeleathers has promoted sustainable management practices delivering absolute positive as well as negative externalities in both production and consumption. Undoubtedly, Sreeleathers Limited has obtained long-term sustainability in the Indian leather industry to become one of the leaders of the pack. References Annual Report 2015. (2016).www.sreeleathers.com. Retrieved September 2016, from https://www.sreeleathers.com/SL/AnnualRpt2015.pdf Antonopoulos, R. (2016).Gender perspectives and gender impacts of the global economic crisis. Batabyal, A. Nijkamp, P. (2014). Positive and Negative Externalities in Innovation, Trade, and Regional Economic Growth.Geographical Analysis,46(1), 1-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gean.12027 Brummer, J. (2015). Business ethics: Micro and macro.J Bus Ethics,4(2), 81-91. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00383560 Caprotti, F. (2012). Environment, Business and the Firm.Geography Compass,6(3), 163-174. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8198.2012.00478.x Chaudhuri, A. (2007). Consumption Emotion and Perceived Risk: A Macro-Analytic Approach.Journal Of Business Research,39(2), 81-92. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(96)00144-0 Ciuriak, D. (2015). Macro-Structural Linkages and Business Dynamism.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2695885 Gupta, S. Choudhry, N. (2015).Globalization, Growth and Sustainability. Boston, MA: Springer US. Gth, W. Sksvuori, L. (2012). Provision of Multilevel Public Goods by Positive Externalities: Experimental Evidence.The B.E. Journal Of Economic Analysis Policy,12(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1935-1682.3207 India Interest Rate | 2000-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast | News. (2016).Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved September 2016, from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/india/interest-rate Klein, L. Dutta, M. (2015).Economics, econometrics and the LINK. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Lall, S., Lall, S., Mengistae, T. (2015).Business Environment, Clustering, And Industry Location. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Lansiluoto, A. (2007). Suitability of self-organising maps for analysing a macro-environment an empirical field survey.IJBIS,2(2), 149. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2007.011616 Lesourne, J. (2007). Managers' behaviour and perfect competition.European Economic Review,9(1), 43-60. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(71)90009-2 Lin, H. (2014). Government-Business Partnership Formation for Environmental Improvements.Organization Environment. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026614554716 Mallick, S. (2009).Modelling macroeconomic adjustment with growth in developing economies. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate. Nissanke, M. Thorbecke, E. (2008).Globalization and the poor in Asia. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Nomidis, D. (2015). The Fallacy of the Perfect Competition Theory.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2736690 Pal, R. (2015). Cournot vs. Bertrand under relative performance delegation: Implications of positive and negative network externalities.Mathematical Social Sciences,75, 94-101. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2015.02.007 Sahu, T. (2015).Macroeconomic variables and security prices in India during the liberalized period. Savides, H. (2015). International Positive Production Externalities under a Transfer Payment Scheme - The Case for Cooperation.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1218342 Seker, M. Seker, M. (2011).Effects of Licensing Reform on Firm Innovation. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. Sreeleathers Footwear and Accessories seller. (2016).Sreeleathers.com. Retrieved September 2016, from https://www.sreeleathers.com/foundation.php Wolf, C. (2011).China and India, 2025. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Xie, J. Sirbu, M. (2015). Price Competition and Compatibility in the Presence of Positive Demand Externalities.Management Science,41(5), 909-926. https://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.41.5.909 ZaccaiÃÅ'ˆ, E. (2007).Sustainable consumption, ecology and fair trade. London: Routledge.

William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD Essay William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD. He loosely based it on a historical event occurring around 1050 AD. Macbeth is the story of a nobleman, who, while trying to fulfill a prophecy told to him by three witches, murders his King to cause his ascension to the throne of Scotland. After the Kings murder, Macbeth reigns as a cruel and ruthless tyrant, who is forced to kill more people to keep control of the throne. Finally, Scottish rebels combined with English forces attack Macbeths castle, and Macbeth is killed by a Scottish Thane named Macduff who has sacrificed everything to see peace return to Scotland. In the play, the word blood is mentioned numerous times. Shakespeares use of this particular word is significant; he uses it to develop the character of Macbeth and the unfolding events of the drama. The powerful symbolic meaning of blood changes from the beginning to the end. We will write a custom essay on William Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Near the beginning of the play, after Macbeth and the Scottish army defeated the rebel Macdonwalds army, a bleeding sergeant comes on stage. The sergeant then proceeds to describe the battle and how bravely Macbeth and his friend Banquo fought, For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name- / Disdaining fortune, with his brandishd steel / Which smokd with bloody execution, / Like valors minion carvd out his passage Act I, Scene 2, Lines 19-21 Blood is symbolic of bravery and courage in this passage. Blood shed for a noble cause is good blood. However, Macbeths character changes throughout the play are characterized by the symbolism in the blood he sheds. Before Duncans murder, Macbeth imagines seeing a dagger floating in the air before him. He describes it, And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, / Which was not so before. Theres no such thing: / It is the bloody business which informs / Thus to mine eyes. The blood imagery in this passage obviously refers to treason, ambition, and murder. This is a stark contrast to what blood meant earlier in the play. Blood, once seen as a positive value, is now associated with evil. This imagery also shows the beginning of Macbeths character transformation from a personage of nobility, honesty, and bravery to that of treachery, deceit, and evil. After Macbeth murders Duncan, he begins to realize the severity of his crime as he tries to wash Duncans blood off his hands, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? No; this hand will rather / The multitudinous seas incarnadine, / Making the green one red. Act II, Scene 2, Lines 71-75 This passage illustrates the act of murder has changed Macbeths character. No longer does the blood connote an image of ambition; it now symbolizes guilt, remorse, and an entry into the gates of hell from which no one can return. Macbeth laments that not even all the water in the ocean will wash the blood off his hands, he is beginning to realize the magnitude of his crime, and that he has done something truly evil. This same blood symbolism continues when Macbeth, shortly after he sees the ghost of the murdered Banquo at his feast, goes into a state of shock and has to be escorted back to his chamber by Lady Macbeth. He tells Lady Macbeth before he goes to sleep, All causes shall give way: I am in blood / Steppd in so far that, should I wade no more, / Returning were as tedious as go oer: Act III, Scene 4, Lines 159-161 We now find that Macbeth has entered so far into hell and the world of evil, it is impossible for him to return to righteousness. He will be forced to kill more and more people in order to retain control of the throne. The sins he has committed have not only perverted his virtuous life, but have condemned him to an eternity in hell. .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .postImageUrl , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:visited , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:active { border:0!important; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:active , .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009 .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80c984fecd044dcdb8e10e679c7ec009:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tragedy of Tess of the D'Urbervilles EssayThere is no chance of redemption; he has permanently allied himself with the forces of evil. Like her husband, the once ambitious Lady Macbeth finally realizes the significance of associating herself in the murder plot, and the severe repercussions it will bring. Tormented by nightmares, she sleepwalks through her bedroom and cries, What, will these hands neer be clean? Heres the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of / Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Act V, Scene 1, Lines 40, 46-47 The blood imagery exhibits Lady Macbeths guilt over Duncans murder. Her hallucinations of blood on her hands and her constant efforts to wash it off demonstrate that the agony of having guilty feelings is causing her to go insane. We later learn that this guilt strains her mind to the point that she commits suicide. In the plays final scene, Macduff confronts Macbeth to avenge the murders of his children and his wife at Macbeths hand, and to see Malcolm established as the rightful King. As Malcolm sees Macbeth, he exclaims, I have no words: / My voice is in my sword, thou bloodier villain / Than terms can give thee out! Act V, Scene 8, Lines 8-10 Macbeth and Macduff then engage in a fight to the death with Macduff eventually emerging victorious. When Macduff, mentions blood, it speaks to justified bloodshed, and revenge. Shakespeare uses this blood imagery to enhance the audiences understanding of Macbeths character. The audience has now witnessed the complete transformation of Macbeth. He begins as a noble, just and brave person, to becoming evil, ambitious, and treacherous during Duncans murder, to his final feelings of remorse for his crime and finally, to the realization that he will be punished for his sins.

Quaker Delegations essays

Quaker Delegations essays The Quaker delegations of the 1790s were a time in American history that caused much havoc between the leaders of the north and the south. These delegations called for the federal government to immediately end the African slave-trade. The disagreements caused by the Quaker delegations illustrate three critical constructs that were prevalent during this time. One of three critical constructs illustrated within Elliss The Silence is institutional racism. Institutional racism uses the power of an institution to overtly or covertly oppress a socio-racial group. In the 1790s, the United States constitution prevented the federal government [from tampering] with the slave trade during the first twenty years of the nations existence. Therefore, the African slave-trade could not end until 1808. This example of institutional racism illustrates the American Governments push to brand and oppress Africans by treating them as property. Another historical example of institutional racism occurred as late as the 1920s in the south. When blacks were freed from slavery, many moved to the north. However, the southern black population was still large. During this time, much of the black population worked as sharecroppers, who suffered economical abuse from their white employers [winding up] with very little earnings. This historical occurrence qualifies as institutional racism because when black sharecroppers attempted to challenge their landlords, southern laws always favored landlords in disputes leaving blacks at the mercy of their landlords decisions. A second social construct that occurred during the Quaker delegations is cultural racism which overtly or covertly oppresses a socio-racial group through the cultural norms of a society. While the Quaker delegations were heavily discussed the question as to what would be done with freed s...

Public Policy Formation and Analysis Assignment - 1

Public Policy Formation and Analysis - Assignment Example Using Taxes to Address Traffic Safety Problems in Oman: According to Weimer and Vinning ( ) Taxes should be levied against motor vehicle owners in favour of the accident victim. This should serve as a penalty with an intention of reducing recklessness of motor users. If this is executed adequately by the Government, drivers will be more careful as they fully well know that they will part with a lot of money if they cause an accident on the motorway. All medical bills and third party indemnities will be the sole responsibility of the motor vehicle owner. These taxes should be on the high side to the extent that it sparks careful driving on the side of the motor owner. The use of taxes will go a long way to both influence the behaviour of the road users and the attitude of the people towards being responsible. The population that will be affected by this taxation are males between the ages of 16 to 30 as they are the more active road users in Oman. Also, the use of taxes levied on comp anies or citizens who make use of the roads will help raise additional funds for the Government of Oman. ... But the taxation process will suddenly raise enough funding to tackle this issues. The Government can also disburse what economist/policy analyst call; subsidies. This will boost the economic power of the various traffic enforcement agencies which will in turn replay itself positively in the social, political and cultural super structures of Oman. So in my humble opinion, I personally believe the imposition of this taxes on the citizenry of Oman is a timely policy that will help in reducing the horror of road traffic experiences that destabilizes the Oman Nation. Question 2: Using Rules to Address Traffic Safety Problems in Oman: The use of rules according to Weimer and Vinning ( ) is paramount in Oman if the issue of continuous road traffic accidents is to be curbed. According to the Times of Oman in a news caption they stated that â€Å"Oman has one of the highest reported road crash fatality rates in the world, an upward trajectory that shows no sign of levelling out. To put it i n context, the population of the UK is 25 times that of Oman, but has only five times as many deaths from road traffic crashes. We are repeating the pattern experienced by rapidly motorising high income countries in the 1970s when death on the roads claimed one life in every 3,000,† . This is a terrible situation that must be stopped and one of the viable was of doing that is to come up with â€Å"Rules† that will be both welcomed from by the public and implemented by the Government without fear or favour to certain political blocks. Rules are regulations laid down to guide a particular coursed. Rules are meant to be obeyed and measures in the forms of penalties are put in place to ensure that such rules are obeyed. When these

Interior architecture - Detail and the user Essay

Interior architecture - Detail and the user - Essay Example The large number of Scarpa’s architectural projects reflect his unique concepts and ideas of design (Scarpa, Beltramini, Battistella et al, 2007). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate Carlo Scarpa’s use of the relationship between the body and architecture, and examine the roots of his conception of the elements of architectural construction as â€Å"beings†. Further, Scarpa’s imaging the user, with architectural details in relation to the user’s body, and his layering of memories based on the affinity between architecture and place, will be discussed. Relationship Between the Body and Architecture In European culture, there has always been a significant place for the relationship between the body and architecture, and the complex phenomenon of corporeality. This tradition originated from Marcus Vitruvius, the ancient Roman architect and engineer in the first century B.C., who compares the human body directly to the body of a building, and reinforces the analogy, so that the importance of symmetry, proportion and harmony in architecture become secondary to his theory of the link between corporeality and architecture. According to Dodds, Tavernor and Rykwert (2002: 28) â€Å"although this highly provocative subject has been treated with great attention and subtlety by critics, it remains nonetheless poorly understood†. ... Thus, the body was used not only to designate conceptual, but also material reality. Plato followed by Aristotle undertook to find a clear understanding of corporeality. The concept of the body is always open for further improvemen â€Å"through the continuous reciprocity of necessity and reason† (Dodds et al 2007: 28). Consequently, the body is perceived as a comparatively stable structure in the context of reality as a whole denoted by the cosmos. There is a surprising richness and depth of understanding of the relation between the human body and the world, the common corporeality and meaning, rendering the body as a microcosm. There is great reciprocity between the human body and the world, and between the human body and architecture. Joints, Frames and Building Construction Mass as â€Å"Beings† In the mid-nineteenth century, Gottfried Semper divided built form into two separate material procedures: the tectonics of the frame in which members of different lengths ar e joined together to encompass a spatial field, and the stereotomics of compressive mass that, â€Å"while it may embody space, is constructed through the piling up of identical units† (Frampton 2000: 181). Tectonics relates to the construction of buildings. The work of Carlo Scarpa is a contemporary manifestation of Semper’s approach supporting the concept of framework as aerial and dematerialization of mass, while the mass form is telluric or relating to the earth into which it is embedded deeply. The former tends towards the light, and the latter towards the dark. These gravitational opposites, the immateriality of the frame and the materiality of the mass are considered to symbolise the two cosmological polarities towards which they reach out: the sky and the earth. The experiential limits

Mercy Health Systems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mercy Health Systems - Case Study Example Mercy provides services that span four core service areas, including hospital-based services, clinic-based services, post-acute care and retail services, and insurance products. These four core service areas make up our comprehensive, vertically integrated delivery system, and integrated delivery is what makes Mercy unique in serving the full range of health care needs of our patients. As they've grown in size, they have increased the breadth and depth of care provided to our patients. They continually strive to improve the quality of care received, stretching themselves to exceed the most stringent standards. They are committed to providing patients with the latest technology; the best medical teams and expert, compassionate care as we work to fulfill their mission of providing exceptional health care services resulting in healing in the broadest sense. These powerful words encapsulate the Mercy Health System mission and organization's commitment to their patients and community memb ers. To support its commitment to service excellence and delivery of quality care, MHS incorporates customer requirements into the SPP and the PDCA improvement cycle through use of the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Model. The CRM Committee uses this model to systematically review current and potential customer feedback and determine changing customer requirements. MHS's key customers include patients, communities, and employers/enrollees. Key inputs used to determine customer requirements, maintain dynamic customer interaction, and facilitate rapid response to needs include: - Patient/Customer Satisfaction Surveys. - Service Recovery Program (SRP). - Market

Speech Acts Politeness And Turn Taking

Speech Acts Politeness And Turn Taking Introduction When we communicate, we give a number of verbal and non verbal cues to the audience that we are referring or targeting to. These verbal or non verbal cues have a lot of impact on the way we keep the listener engaged in the dialogue that we are trying to put up for him and keeping the interest of the listener to actually understand our message the way we want it to be delivered. Until and unless the receiver or the audience gets the message in the way we want it to be delivered, the communication process will mostly fail unless there is a coincidence that the receiver understands what the message meant. Otherwise the receiver or listener of the message will not be able to understand what the important point or points in the whole message were, which part did the sender emphasize more upon, how polite the sender of the message was in the whole communication process and how much room did he give to the receiver to come up with any arguments, additions or suggestions to the message of th e sender as a feed back. Thus, with this introductory not, this paper will actually come up with a discussion in which three important elements of communication that are speech acts, politeness and turn taking will be discussed in order to see how they have an influence on the receiver and what problems do those people face with these concepts being second language English speakers. The paper will first explain all the three elements and then conduct an interview in which a second language English student and a native English speaker will have dialogue and will be observed and analyzed on the basis of the above mention elements. After the observations, the communication process of the second language English speakers and their behavior will be compared to the native English speaker and then recommendations will be advised accordingly. Speech Acts Starting with the discussion about speech acts, we need to take an aerial view of the communication process and the words we use for communicating our message to the target audience. The first question is that how are words related to the world? What is the process and what is the logic behind the entire communication process in which a speaker tries to explain something to a hearer by using a set of words and then delivering these words to the hearer and the hearer actually understands what the speaker wanted to say. For example, if a speaker makes a statement that Alan went home. What is it in the sentence which will distinguish it from being a question or from being a piece of information? The statement is very simple to understand if it is said in a simple monotonous tone. But, if we relate speech acts with the punctuation marks, we see that when we put a question mark at the end of the same question, the question mark transforms the statement into a question and if an exclamatio n mark is used, it transforms the same statement into a piece of information that is given in great surprise. Therefore, when understanding speech acts, we see that speech acts are more or less like punctuations. They are not written but, the way the words are uttered, the tone that has been used, the pause that is given between sentences and the feelings that have been added through specific emphasis actually add meaning to these set words and can change the meaning of a simple statement as well as it is described in the earlier discussion. According to Austins theory, speech acts can take over three different meanings Propositional Meaning Illocutionary meaning Perlocutionary meaning The propositional meaning is the literal meaning of what is being said. For example if one says it is hot in here, then in literal meaning the speaker wants to say that the temperature is high or hot at a certain place. But, the illocutionary meaning relates to the social function of what is being said or the actual meaning of the statement. Taking into consideration the same example, we see that the same sentence or statement can be used as a request so that someone might help to open a window, it can be an indirect refusal so as to expect the receiver to close the window as someone might be feeling cold and it can also serve as a complaint in which a speaker may try to register that the hearer should know it better then to keep the window shut. However, as far as Perlocutionary meaning is concerned, it is related to the understanding of the receiver to understand what does it means when someone something like that. Using the same example, we can see that the desired outcome could be of opening of windows. According to the same theory, speech acts have been classified into 5 categories according to the functions that are assigned to each category. Co missives Expressive Directives Representatives Declaratives Promises Apologies Requests Claims Declarations Threats/ offers Complaint/thanks Suggestions/commands Reports/assertions decrees Speech Act Theory The origins of speech acts theory can be extended to philosophy of language but now it is considered as a sub-discipline for cross cultural programmatic. This theory basically explains how human beings achieve and accomplish desired intentions and motives through the use of language by using words in a way that they actually highlight the meaning of the sentence in a manner that the hearer understands what they actually mean besides the literal meaning. Austin relates the performance of saying words with an act of locutionary and the study of how specific words are uttered and what impact does utterance have on the message that is being delivered  [1]  . According to the theory of Austin, every statement might be inferred in all the three meanings that have been discussed in the earlier part of the paper, but, it is up to the acts that make them specific in their meaning and how the hearer infers them. The speaker can use any of the meaning combined with proper speech act in orde r to give the same sentence a different meaning. A speaker can change the same question to a complaint by uttering in a specific manner that is associated with anger or with surprise  [2]  . There has been a lot of discussion going on relating to whether the speech acts are specific to certain languages or are they specific to different cultures. The reason of this discussion is quite relevant with the essence of our discussion on which the analysis will be framed. the paper will conduct an interview in which students will be observed that whether they use certain speech acts because they belong to different cultures or do they use the same speech acts as speaking the same language regardless of the fact that one of them is a native English speaking and the other one is second language English speaker  [3]  . As it is described in the theory many linguistic mechanisms that have been implemented are in lieu of the cultural differences which cause mis interpretation of messages that are sent from speakers of different cultures and thus they cause break downs and loop holes most of the times when ethnic communication is taking place. This will help us understand more why the two students who were observed behaved in a certain manner during the interview and how differently did the interpret each other  [4]  . As it is in phonology and morphology, we also see that the basic cultural instincts and traits also shape the way a person emphasizes on words and gets his message across to the other person. The fact is that in different culture, the level of emphasis that is put in different situations is different and the way a message is transformed from a question to a complaint is also different. Therefore, on the part of the speaker and the listener, misconception or misinterpretation can result in noise ultimately leading to the distortion of the message that has to be actually delivered. Politeness Politeness can be simply defined as implementing good manners and reasonably good etiquettes via verbal communication. However, the concept of politeness is a subjective term. The level of politeness in one culture might differ from the level of politeness in another culture. Although politeness, being a positive phenomenon means to impart good manners and make others feel relaxed and comfortable with whatever the speaker is saying, however, in different cultures and specific to situations, politeness can also be used as a tool to make the other person feel ashamed of some acts that may not be appreciated by others around him or her  [5]  . According to British Social anthropologists, politeness can also be categorized into two segments. Negative politeness Positive Politeness In negative politeness we basically try to make a request in a way that it minimizes all chances in which the other person might be hurt due to a certain act. For example, rather than going to colleague and ordering to return the pen, we can go and add a sentence which says if you dont mind or if it is not too much trouble can I take the pen back  [6]  . However, the positive politeness is when a speaker tries to come into a relationship with the hearer by highlighting and safeguarding his interests, ego and personality traits and manipulating sentences in such a way that the hearer feels good about it and tries to conform to what the speaker is saying. This is just like talking to a child where a parent or guardian does not uses negative politeness with the child but by showing the child and the importance that he deserves, the parent or guardian tries to make the child understand certain manners and etiquettes that he should show towards elders. When the child gets the polite behavior, he actually starts trusting the parent or guardian more and understands that whatever they have to say is for the childs own benefit and interest in the future so he automatically conforms to it  [7]  . There are several techniques to show politeness: When one has to express a situation of ambiguity or uncertainty, one can use politeness by making the point clear indirectly that he does not know about what is going to happen or by hedging the situation with ifs and buts to make the situation look less negative. Taking the example of a child once again, we see that when parents do not know about something, they do not clearly say no to the child to scare the child away, but, they try to explain the matter to the child in an indirect way and make a hypothetical situation in which the child understands that there is a lot that no one knows. This way the child is not discouraging for asking questions in the future and at the same time the parents show their politeness to the child as well. People also tend to lie politely in order to make it less hurting for the listener. For example, a stock broker may not leak his information to another competitor but he can actually use polite behavior to indirectly change the topic. Using questions instead of revealing the truth. For example, if a group member knows that the other group member has not started work, rather than simply saying you have not started work, the group member can also ask did you check the information that I mailed you for your part. Turn-Taking A study of ten major languages reveals that the concept of turn taking is basically guided by two simple rules. Avoid speaking when someone else is speaking Avoid silence and long pauses between discussion and communication process As it is meant by turn taking, every speaker must pause after he or she has made her message clear in one go and then give a chance to the other person to add value to the discussion. The reason why we call it adding value is the fact that when the hearer starts speaking, it is actually related to the statements that the speaker has made and it is more like a feedback rather than a literally giving a turn. Every speaker should expect a feed back and also give time for the feedback or response to the other person in order to see whether the hearer has got the message in the right context or not or what more information needs to be provided . A communication process cannot be complete if only one of the persons is constantly speaking unless it is a Debating competition where a speaker has to address a large audience, Moreover, it is also not advised to actually overlap anothers turn because of the fact that the concept of noise in the communication process comes into play at this point   [8]  . Furthermore, the research made it clear that every language follows the same rules of turn taking and a variation of just milliseconds was seen in some languages which were also influenced by the types of syllables that the other speaker had to utter. Otherwise, whether it is the second language English speaker or the native English speaker, both of the participants clearly know how to wait for their turn and then take turn automatically from where the other person leaves it. Interview Coming to the interview in which all the three elements of the communication process that have been discussed above will be integrated upon the observation, we see that all of them have some effect or the other in making communication slightly difficult or biased when a native English speaking boy and a second language English speaking boy communicate. The basic reason that was seen in politeness and the speech acts was actually the cultural difference that made it difficult for both the participants to get to the desired point of view off the other. however, as far as taking turn is concerned, it has more to do with the thinking process that both of the participants had to go through in their minds to actually give it a though to understand what the other person said especially in the case of the second language English speaker and then elaborate words to reply. This practice used to take a bit longer in which the native English speaking boy used to carry on the discussion or nod th e other boy for his thoughts and ideas about the situation. Starting with speech acts, following is a conversation that will serve as a good example how both the participants graded each other as rude. (Scarcely, 1990) Now in the above discussion, speaker A is the Second Language English Speaker and Speaker B is the native English language speaker. Speaker B, though incorrect in his conclusion, claimed that speaker B showed a rude behavior because in B culture, interruptions are looked upon as impolite. B thinks that any sort of an interruption in a communication process is rude, as an interrupted, thus, A is rude. However, if we say A is from Iran, and that in his society, interrupting can also be seen as a sign of friendliness, casualness and comfort between two speakers, then according to a he is not wrong. So this is one of the biggest problems that Second language English speakers face with Native English speakers. When speaking English they do not realize that they have to blend into the culture as well and try not to blend in their own culture in the second language that they are trying to learn. Moreover, it was obvious from the tones and speech acts of the second language English speaker that he had a company of people who also spoke English as a second language. The reason was the same that their style of communication could not blend it to the natives and thus they divided into their own groups. Resulting in communication gap and distances which did not enable the second language speakers to develop their language the way natives speak it. They seldom got a chance to infer and subconsciously grasp the rules of how the natives spoke their language. As far as turn taking is concerned, we can see the fact that the non native speaker often took some more time rather than interrupting all the time. the fact is that he used to take some time to actually think what was he had just heard, what is his response, translate into English and then select the suitable words to get the message across. In the mean time the native English speaking boy often nudged him to remind that he it was his turn to carry on the discussion or to ask if there is everything alright. This is not actually related to any culture or linguistic mechanism, but, it is actually related to the thought process through which this specific participant had to go through. It is not the case with all non native English speakers as there might be many who have a faster though process still, the problem is not that rare as well. Recommendations and Conclusions Here are a few recommendations that the non-native speakers may use in-order to come out of the linguistic deficiencies that often cost them decreasing self confidence and fear of competition. The first thing that teachers need to do with non-native speakers is to highlight the advantages of native English language. The advantages may not be only restricted to the way they will converse, but social advantages as well so as to enable them to mingle in the natives more easily and conversing on their level  [9]  . Moreover, the teachers should tell these students what difficulties they might be facing in using the second language and what are the general difficulties that everyone faces. These students might not be able to identify their difficulties on their own as better as the teacher can. Thus, the responsibility lies on the teacher to make them identify their difficulties and make them work on them only rather than perfecting the language by conversing more amongst them. Also, feedback is another way to keep the student in line with the learning process. Good or bad, it will serve as an asset for the student in the long run because of the fact that he would trust the teachers advice and feedback more then what his peers have to say about his communication skills. The more the teacher gives feedback, the better the student will show response and try to overcome the difficulties by developing interest and maintain the enthusiasm with which the student joined the English language class.

A Theological Perspective of the Clash of Civilizations Essay examples

Introduction On more than one occasion, President George W. Bush has described the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, as fostering â€Å"a monumental battle of good versus evil.† In this battle, there has been no doubt in his mind (or in ours) regarding who is on the side of good and who is on the side of evil. Though some have winced at the President’s use of such absolute moral terms to portray the tragic events of that fateful day, others have applauded his courageous use of such unfashionable discourse as entirely appropriate, even suggesting that it implies the demise of the cultural scourge of postmodern moral relativism. Another important way, not entirely unrelated, of interpreting what transpired on 9/11 is to explain the attack of Islamic extremists on the United States of America as a manifestation of a â€Å"clash of civilizations.† At the center of this way of looking at these unprecedented events has been an article and book both authored by the noted Harvard professor of political science, Samuel P. In the summer 1993 edition of the journal Foreign Affairs, Huntington argued that world politics was entering a new phase after the end of the Cold War, and that tensions between civilizations, as the highest cultural groupings of people, would dominate the global scene. He explains the article’s thesis in these words. It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different ci... ...vides a basis for that blaze, that vision, and that life. Let us pray and live it out with a sincere heart with a view to God’s glory in the restoration of humankind Solzhenitsyn, â€Å"A World Split Apart,† 59, 61. and the renewal of the earth in an age of a tremendous battle between good and evil and the clash of civilizations. Lord, make me an instrument of Your peace. Where there is hatred, let me sow love. Where there is injury, pardon. Where there is doubt, faith. Where there is despair, hope. Where there is darkness, light. And where there is sadness, joy. O divine Master, grant that I may seek not so much to be consoled, as to console. To be understood, as to understand. To be loved, as to love. For it is in giving that we receive; It is in pardoning that we are pardoned; And it is in dying that we are born to eternal life. Amen.

Theories On Criminals

Although there are several theorists that have tried to discover the reasoning as to why people become criminals. Each theorist has different theories explaining criminal behavior. There is the anomie theory or innovative adaptation. This explains that those with criminal behavior have a condition when behavioral expectations are unknown, undefined, or in conflict (Champion, 2008). This theory is accredited to Robert King Morton, however was originally proposed by the French sociologist Mile Druthers (1858-1917) (Champion, 2008).Morton implies that people either accept or reject goals of society, and they accept or reject means to accomplish those goals (Champion, 2008). Psychological theories address the individual's behavior through trying to explain the inner workings of the mind (Champion, 2008). One theory that tries to explain the how the mind of a criminal works is the social learning theory. Social learning theorists such as Albert Bandeau, Walter Michel, and Richard Walters suggest that criminals are formed by modeling criminal behavior after other criminals (Siegel & Welsh, 2012).Biological theories explain criminal behavior through abnormal physical structure, hereditary criminal behaviors, and biochemical disturbances (Champion, 2008). In 1957, David Matzo and Gresham Sykes set out to teach others about their theory of naturalization among Juvenile delinquents (David Matzo, 2009). Naturalization theory is actually a technique that allows an offender to rationalize their criminal act (David Matzo, 2009). Youths that fall under this theory will consider them responsible for the crime, deny there were any injuries or victims, and blame the victim(s) for the offender's actions.

Lions Mane Jellyfish Facts

Lion's Mane Jellyfish Facts Lions mane jellyfish are beautiful, but an encounter with them can be painful. These jellies are capable of stinging you even when theyre dead. Here you can learn how to identify a lions mane jellyfish and how to avoid them. Identification The lions mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) is the worlds largest  jellyfish- their bells can be over 8 feet across. These jellies  have a mass of thin tentacles that resemble a lions mane, which is where their name originates. Reports of tentacle size in lions mane jellyfish vary from 30 feet to 120 feet- either way, their tentacles extend a long way, and one should give them a very wide berth. This jellyfish also has lots of tentacles- it has 8 groups of them, with 70-150 tentacles in each group. The color of the lions mane jellyfish changes as it grows. Small jellyfish under 5 inches in bell size are pink and yellow. Between 5-18 inches in size, the jellyfish is reddish to yellowish-brown, and as they grow past 18 inches, they become a darker reddish brown. Like other jellyfish, they have a short lifespan, so all these color changes may happen in a period of about one year. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: CnidariaClass: ScyphozoaOrder: SemaeostomeaeFamily: CyaneidaeGenus: Cyaneaspecies: capillata Habitat Lions mane jellyfish are found in cooler waters, usually less than 68 degrees F. They may be found in the North Atlantic Ocean, including the Gulf of Maine and off the coasts of Europe, and in the Pacific Ocean. Feeding Lions mane jellyfish eat plankton, fish, small crustaceans and even other jellyfish. They can spread their long, thin tentacles out like a net and descend into the water column, capturing prey as they go. Reproduction Reproduction occurs sexually in the medusa stage (this is the stage youll picture if you think of a generic jellyfish). Under its bell, the lions mane jellyfish has 4 ribbon-like gonads which alternate with 4 very folded lips. The lions mane jellyfish has separate sexes. The eggs are held by oral tentacles and are fertilized by sperm. Larvae called planula develop and settle on the ocean bottom, where they develop into polyps. Once in the polyp stage, reproduction can occur asexually as polyps divide into disks. As the disks stack up, the uppermost disk swims away as an ephyra, which develops into the medusa stage. Sting Severity Encountering a lions mane jellyfish probably wont be lethal, but it wont be fun, either. A lions mane jellyfish sting usually results in pain and redness in the area of the sting. The sticky tentacles of a lions mane jellyfish can sting even when the jellyfish is dead, so give lions mane jellyfish on the beach a wide berth. In 2010, a lions mane jellyfish washed ashore in Rye, NH, where it stung 50-100 unsuspecting bathers. Sources: Bryner, Jeanna. 2010. How One Jellyfish Stung 100 People. MSNBC.Cornelius, P. 2011. Cyanea Capillata (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species.  Encyclopedia of Life. Cyanea Capillata.  Heard, J. 2005. Cyanea Capillata, Lions Mane Jellyfish. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.Meinkoth, N.A. 1981. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.WoRMS. 2010. Porpita Porpita (Linnaeus, 1758). In: Schuchert, P. World Hydrozoa database.

How to Understand Shakespeares Words

How to Understand Shakespeares Words For many, language is the biggest barrier to understanding Shakespeare. Perfectly competent performers can be paralyzed with fear when they see bizarre words like â€Å"Methinks† and â€Å"Peradventure† – something we call Shakespearaphobia. As a way of trying to counter this natural anxiety, we often begin by telling new students or performers that speaking Shakespeare aloud isn’t like learning a new language –it’s more like listening to a strong accent and your ear soon adjusts to the new dialect. Very soon you are able to understand most of what is said. Even if you are confused about some words and phrases, you should still be able to pick up meaning from the context and the visual signals you receive from the speaker. Watch how quickly children pick up accents and new language when on holiday. This is evidence of how adaptable we are to new ways of speaking. The same is true of Shakespeare and the best antidote for Shakespearaphobia is to sit back, relax and listen to the text spoken and performed. Modern Translations at a Glance Here are modern translations of the top 10 most common Shakespearian words and phrases. Thee, Thou, Thy and Thine (You and Your) It’s a common myth that Shakespeare never uses the words â€Å"you† and â€Å"your† – actually, these words are commonplace in his plays. However, he also uses the words â€Å"thee / thou† instead of â€Å"you† and the word â€Å"thy / thine† instead of â€Å"your†. Sometimes he uses both â€Å"you† and â€Å"thy† in the same speech. This is simply because in Tudor England the older generation said â€Å"thee† and â€Å"thy† to denote a status or reverence for authority. Therefore when addressing a king the older â€Å"thou† and â€Å"thy† would be used, leaving the newer â€Å"you† and â€Å"your† for more informal occasions. Soon after Shakespeare’s lifetime, the older form passed away!Art (Are) The same is true of â€Å"art†, meaning â€Å"are†. So a sentence beginning â€Å"thou art† simply means †Å"You are†.Ay (Yes) â€Å"Ay† simply means â€Å"yes†. So, â€Å"Ay, My Lady† simply means â€Å"Yes, My Lady.†Would (Wish) Although the word â€Å"wish† does appear in Shakespeare, like when Romeo says â€Å"I wish I were a cheek upon that hand,† we often find â€Å"would† used instead. For example, â€Å"I would I were †¦Ã¢â‚¬  means â€Å"I wish I were†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Give Me Leave To (Allow Me To) â€Å"To give me leave to†, simply means â€Å"To allow me to†.Alas (Unfortunately) â€Å"Alas† is a very common word that isn’t used today. It simply means â€Å"unfortunately†, but in modern English, there isn’t an exact equivalent.Adieu (Goodbye) â€Å"Adieu† simply means â€Å"Goodbye†.Sirrah (Sir) â€Å"Sirrah† means â€Å"Sir† or â€Å"Mister†.-eth Sometimes the endings of Shakespearian words sound alien even though the root of the word is familiar. For example â€Å"speaketh† simply means â€Å"speak† and â€Å"sayeth† means â€Å"say†.Don’t, Do and Did A key absence from Shakespearian English is â€Å"don’t†. This word simply wasn’t around then. So, if you said â€Å"don’t be afraid† to a friend in Tudor England, you would have said, â€Å"be not afeard.† Where today we would say â€Å"donâ₠¬â„¢t hurt me,† Shakespeare would have said, â€Å"hurt me not.† The words â€Å"do† and â€Å"did† were also uncommon, so rather than saying â€Å"what did he look like?† Shakespeare would have said, â€Å"what looked he like?† And instead of â€Å"did she stay long?† Shakespeare would have said, â€Å"stayed she long?† This difference accounts for the unfamiliar word order in some Shakespearian sentences. I think it is important to note that when Shakespeare was alive, language was in a state of flux and many modern words were being integrated into the language for the first time. Shakespeare himself coined many new words and phrases. Shakespeare’s language is, therefore, a mixture of the old and the new.

JURNAL 4 + 5 ( Marketing subject ) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

JURNAL 4 + 5 ( Marketing subject ) - Assignment Example The new 2010 GLK is positioned as an affordable and reliable SUV in the economic situation that everyone faces. The demographics of the city offer the best audience for the SUV as the populations’ age, income are the qualities that the Mercedes-Benz 2010 GLK positions to target. The Denver Post is the most read newspaper in Denver. By placing the advertisement in Denver Post, the company wishes to target all the young as well as adult females and males who wish to drive affordable cars in style. The 2010 GLK is being advertised not by the Mercedes-Benz showrooms but by a retail/used cars importer called Murray Motor Imports. The advertisement is black and white and uses simple bold writing style giving much detail of the vehicle as possible. The black and white advertisement is usually perceived by the readers as dull and boring. The writing style of the advertisement uses one font with different font sizes which is plain not very attractive. The advertisement has one 2010 GLK image with a bold tagline. The advertisement is flat with no vibrant features and no scenario that could best represent the SUV. No logo of the Mercedes-Benz company or the Murray Motor Imports has been used except for the name of the latter company. The advertisement is basically placed to introduce the new SUV at the lowest rates that the company has to offer in competition with other retail car outlets in the area. The objective of the advertisement is to attract the potential customers to the showroom so that they can come and have a look at the new SUV. In order to catch the attention of target audience, Murray Motor Imports is offering various promotional offers such as a free test drive. In addition to this, the company is offering an attractive lease rate to lure in customers. Another offer used by the company to attract the customers is a lucky draw for a shopping spree. All these marketing offers are aimed to the target audience of 2010 GLK

Consumer Behavior and the Marketing Manager Personal Statement

Consumer Behavior and the Marketing Manager - Personal Statement Example This is called marketing mix in which the business focuses on the price, promotion, product and place. This further brings in the concept of market segmentation which is dividing the market into segments according to the preferences of the consumers. Different people have different interests over products; segmentation helps the businesses to focus on the consumers’ wants individually, makes them aware of what kind of products are in demand so that they can stock them and sell more. The internet is one of the most basic tools being used for advertising goods and this is mostly because it is far reaching and does not cost as much. Considering the great amount of people who are using the internet these days, even shopping online, the businesses prefer this means of marketing. Whenever one goes online on any social media site, a new brand name of some company pops up, show casing their line of products and it just so easy and convenient for one to look into it and maybe order it if one likes it. Similarly, there can be other ways of advertising like billboards at places which are most visited or television advertisements between shows which are most

Artistotle's Virtue Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artistotle's Virtue Ethics - Essay Example This is an ever-going debate between ethical theorists and moral philosophers, which seems to have no end. Nevertheless, when deontologists and Teleologists are debating on what matters the most, either the actions in themselves or the consequences of those actions, Aristotle’s virtue ethics provides a solution, which asks to focus on the being or the person rather than his or her actions and consequences (Devettere, pp. 26-28). Aristotle believed that ethics is not a theoretical discipline since one does not ask this question for the sake of just knowing it but the question of â€Å"what is good for human beings† is for achieving that â€Å"good† (Hursthouse, pp. 103-104). However, important here to note is the fact that when Aristotle is taking about the good, he is talking about a list of ethical actions and duties, instead he is focusing on one highest good which is above all other â€Å"goods† (Hursthouse, pp. 103-104). One of the most important reaso ns why Virtue ethics stands out of the crowd of other normative theories is because it makes a clear distinction between ethics for humans and animals. Aristotle identified the difference between form and material substance. According to him, the human body is made of flesh and this is material substance but this is not what makes humans beings as human beings. The form, which is the soul of the humans, is responsible for the same (Devettere, pp. 26-28, 2002). Therefore, according to Aristotle, each living thing has a soul and it works in different capacities. For example, the perceptive soul is responsible for forming images and perception, the nutritive soul has the responsibility of growth, the locomotive soul takes care of the motion and others. These are common in both humans and animals, however, humans’ posses something other, which is not present with other animals and that, is the rational soul (Hursthouse, pp. 103-104). This is what draws the line between humans and animals and this special and extra gift to human beings must have the answer of â€Å"what is good for human beings?† Therefore, the good for human beings, the highest happiness, or the biggest virtue is reason and rationality. It is ethical to live your life according to your reason and logic or else you are worse than an animal (Darwall, pp. 265). As Aristotle argued, â€Å"the function of man is activity of soul in accordance with reason, or at least, not without reason† (Darwall, pp. 265-269). Aristotle believed that the thinker or a rational person is the best person or the closest to the divine being or more like divine being. He believed that the rational soul of human being is a part of the divine soul that we posses and by the use of the same, one can discover the mysteries of the universe. People who try to live their lives with vulgar pleasures are more like animals and less like humans because they fail to understand their own potential. However, important here to note is that reason for logic that Aristotle has identified is not subjective and will not differ from person to person but it is objective (Devettere, pp. 26-28). Therefore, for Aristotle and virtue ethicist, ethical is something, which is an action of an ethical person, rather than based on the actions or consequences of that action. It is important to note that when other ethical theories and moral philosophers talk about, rewards, punishments, courts, screenings, law, rules and regulations and others to

Finance and Company Essay Example for Free

Finance and Company Essay So Wrigley has to make decisions on whether or not to borrow $ 3 billion for recapitalization. Question Based on the above situation, there are few questions that arise as seen below: ? Whether the recapitalization would be good for the company’s development in the long run? ?After borrowing $ 3 billion dollars what would the impact on the company’s debt rating be? ?What’s the impact on the company’s share value; would the recapitalization increase the company’s share value? ?What’s the impact on the company’s WACC, an increase or decrease? Would recapitalization increases the EPS of the company? Hypothesis Before capital restructuring due to not having any debt, return on capital and operating income as a percent of sales can be used based on exhibit 2(it is $513,356/$2,429,646= 21%) which is the A to AA range of investment grade. After recapitalization, the company’s debt rating will fall to a BB/B rating which reflects a higher risk and lower debt rating that will cause higher yields. According to Exhibit 7’s given information, the yield is between BB (12. 753) to B (14. 663) to obtain a cost of debt. Impact on share value If the company chooses to repurchase the stock, the WD will be 22. 89% (3,000,000/13,103,000), the WACC will be 10. 19% (22. 89% (1-40%)*13%+77. 1%*10. 9%). Both 10. 32% and 10. 19% are lower than the WACC before recapitalization, which indicates that after the recapitalization the company will have a lower minimum rate of return for the company that it needs to earn on its investments to maintain its wealth. Impact on Voting Control If the company is using the dividend plan to do capital restructuring, there will not be any impact on voting control. However, if the company is using the stock repurchase plan, it will have an influence on the voting control. The current Wrigley family ownership includes 21% of common shares and 58% of B shares. The total numbers of shares outstanding for Wrigley consists of the sum of the common shares of 189. 8 million and class B shares of 42. 641 million (10 votes each), a total of 232,441 million shares. So the company will have 46. 6% ((189. 8*21%+426. 41*58%)/616. 21=46. 6%)voting control before recapitalization. After the recapitalization the voting control will increase to 49% [(179. 22-42. 641)*21%+426. 41*58%]/ (136. 58+426. 41) =49 Based on the above analysis, my suggestion is not to borrow $ 3 billion dollars, or if the company insists in doing a recapitalization I would suggest for them to not borrow as much and to make some investment on assets instead of it all in equity. For the Wrigley Company I think they should keep their debt below 50 percent. Because after recapitalization, it will have negative impacts on EPS, debt rating, share value and it has a slightly positive impact on WACC and voting control. The results of impact on EPS analysis shows that EPS will drop from $ 1. 61 to 0. 46 and, the debt/ assets ratio will be 169% which will increase the company’s risks. From a debt rating aspect, after borrowing $ 3 billion dollars, the debt rating of the company will decline from AA/A to BB/B which means that the company will have a higher interest rate, more interest expense and a lower credit rating in the future. This is not good for the company’s future development. From a long term prospective, I believe it’s important that the company be careful in determining whether they should pursue a dividend or stock repurchase strategy. If the company chooses to use the $ 3 billion to pay dividends now, it might increase the investor’s satisfaction in the short run but once the dividend has been paid, the investor will expect the same amount of dividend in the future and a lower dividend might disappoint investors and that might affect the company’s stock price in the future. The stock repurchase is temporary as well, so after the repurchase the ending stock price might drop and it may hurt a potential new investor who made a purchase during the repurchase period. All things considered as long as Wrigley keeps an eye on their long term goals and continues to look at the big picture whilst making good solid financial choices for their company they should be most successful.

What is Civil Engineering? :: essays research papers

Historically, Civil Engineering is the oldest branch of engineering and dates back at least 5,000 years to the profession of "master builder" involving pyramids, temples and irrigation projects. Engineering has changed greatly since those days but the fundamental principles have stayed the same. Engineers solve peoples problems with applied science and innovation. Today's problems are more complex and the needs of current and future societies have created challenges for engineering unparalleled in our history. The use of electronic data collection methods and the application of computers has revolutionized the practice of Civil Engineering. To interpret and satisfy these needs, Civil Engineers currently direct the spending of more than one tenth of Canada's gross national product, more than any other professional group. The Civil Engineer must deal with the human impact of engineering. Social, moral and legal issues concern us to a far greater degree than ever before. Civil Engineering has become an extremely diverse field with many areas of application. A summary of the major fields follow: Structural Engineering Structural Engineering deals with the design and construction of all types of structures including buildings and bridges. Emphasis is placed on mechanics and the behaviour of materials. Infrastructure Management and Construction Infrastructure Management and Construction deals with project management, construction materials, construction engineering and building engineering. Water and Waste Management Engineering Water and Waste Management Engineering addresses water and waste water treatment, surface and ground water pollution and control, solid and hazardous waste management, contaminant transport and behaviour in the environment. Support areas involving aquatic chemistry, computer modeling, simulation and laboratory experimentation as examples are also stressed. Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering deals with the planning, design, construction, traffic operation and evaluation of streets, highways, airports, and transit systems. Geotechnical Engineering Geotechnical Engineering covers the engineering properties of soils, the fundamentals of soil mechanics, and the application of geotechnical data and fundamentals to the design of foundation elements, earth-retaining structures, excavations, earth embankments and highway pavements. Engineering Mechanics Engineering Mechanics deals with the rigorous study of mechanics, applied mathematics and related fields. This leads to an understanding of advanced analysis and leads to study in structural engineering, hydraulics, mechanics of solids and fluids, or properties of materials. Experimental Mechanics Experimental Mechanics involves the experimental investigations of the static and dynamic response of structures and machines, and in the development of improved techniques to obtain and analyze experimental data. Water Resources Engineering Water Resources Engineering covers the planning,